Win/Loss Percentage (WL PCT) - It represents the proportion of games won by a team or player relative to the total number of games played. It's calculated by dividing the number of wins by the total number of decisions (wins plus losses). 
How it's calculated: Determine the number of wins. Determine the total number of decisions (wins + losses). Divide the number of wins by the total number of decisions. The result is the winning percentage.

Earned Run Average (ERA) - is a statistic that measures a pitcher's effectiveness in preventing runs. It represents the average number of earned runs a pitcher allows per nine innings pitched. Lower ERA values generally indicate better pitching performance. 
How it’s calculated: ERA is calculated by dividing the number of earned runs allowed by the number of innings pitched, and then multiplying by nine (the number of innings in a standard baseball game).

Double play (DP) - occurs when the defensive team records two outs on the same continuous play. Double plays typically involve a ground ball, where the defense forces out a runner at second base and then another at first base before the batter can reach first safely.

Walks plus Hits per Inning Pitched (WHIP) - It's a statistic used to evaluate a pitcher's effectiveness by measuring how many baserunners they allow per inning. A lower WHIP generally indicates a more effective pitcher
How it's calculated: It's calculated by adding the number of walks and hits allowed by a pitcher and dividing that sum by the number of innings the pitcher has pitched.

Sacrifice bunt (SB) - is a statistic where a batter intentionally bunts the ball to advance runners on base, and the batter is not charged with an at-bat, even though they are out. This advancement of runners is credited as a "sacrifice" in the official scoring. The statistic does not impact the batter's batting average or on-base percentage.

Walks Allowed Per Nine Innings (BB/9) - is a pitching statistic that measures how many walks a pitcher gives up, on average, for every nine innings pitched. It's calculated by dividing the total number of walks allowed by the number of innings pitched, then multiplying by nine.  A lower BB/9 indicates better control and fewer walks allowed by the pitcher. 
How it's calculated: BB/9 = (Walks / Innings Pitched) * 9 

Strikeout-to-walk ratio (K/BB) - is a statistic that measures a pitcher's ability to control the strike zone. It's calculated by dividing the number of strikeouts by the number of walks. A higher K/BB ratio generally indicates a pitcher who is more effective at getting strikeouts and limiting walks, suggesting better control and pitch command. 
How it's calculated: Strikeouts (K): The number of times a pitcher gets a batter out by striking them out. Walks (BB): The number of times a pitcher allows a batter to reach base by walking them. K/BB Ratio: Strikeouts / Walks.

Sacrifice fly (SF) - is awarded when a batter hits a fly ball that is caught by the defense, but a runner on third base is able to advance to home plate and score.

Hits Allowed per 9 Innings (H/9) - is a statistic that measures how many hits a pitcher allows, on average, in a nine-inning game. It's calculated by dividing the total number of hits allowed by the number of innings pitched, then multiplying by nine. This statistic provides insight into a pitcher's ability to prevent base hits. 
How it's calculated: It's calculated as: (Hits Allowed * 9) / Innings Pitched

Run (R) - is scored when a player advances around all four bases (first, second, third, and home) and safely reaches home plate without being put out. Each run contributes to a team's score, and the team with the most runs at the end of the game wins. 

Hit by pitch (HBP) - is a statistic where a batter is awarded first base after being hit by a pitch thrown by the pitcher. It's a way for a batter to reach base without getting a hit. This statistic is counted when a batter is hit by a pitch, but not if they swing at the pitch. 

Fielding percentage (FPCT) - measures how often a defensive player successfully handles a batted or thrown ball, either by making a putout or an assist. It's calculated by dividing the sum of putouts and assists by the total number of fielding chances (putouts + assists + errors). A higher fielding percentage indicates greater defensive efficiency.
How it's calculated: Fielding Percentage (FPCT) = (Putouts + Assists) / Total Chances

Strikeouts per nine innings (K/9 or SO/9) - is a statistic that measures how many strikeouts a pitcher averages per nine innings pitched. It's calculated by dividing the number of strikeouts by the innings pitched and then multiplying by nine. This statistic helps assess a pitcher's ability to strike out batters. 
How it's calculated: K/9 is calculated as (Strikeouts / Innings Pitched) * 9

Hit (H) - occurs when a batter safely reaches base by hitting the ball into fair territory and not being put out, regardless of the type of hit (single, double, triple, or home run).

Stolen Bases (SB) - occurs when a runner advances to the next base while the pitcher is delivering the ball to home plate, without the aid of a hit, error, or other play.
Stolen base percentage (SB%), this is calculated: by dividing the number of successful stolen bases by the total number of stolen base attempts (stolen bases + caught stealing). A high SB% indicates that a runner is successful when attempting to steal, which is crucial for the statistic to be a positive contributor to the team.

Run Batted In (RBI): It's a statistic that measures how many runs a batter is credited with driving in through their actions at the plate. Generally, a player gets an RBI when their hit, walk, or sacrifice results in a teammate scoring a run.

Putout (PO):  is awarded to a defensive player who records an out by physically catching a batted ball, tagging a runner, or completing a force out. It's a key defensive statistic that reflects a player's ability to retire baserunners and field batted balls.

Assist (A): is awarded to a defensive player who throws or deflects the ball, contributing to a putout. It signifies a player's role in retiring a batter or runner, even if they don't make the final out themselves.

Error (E): is a statistic charged to a fielder when they fail to make a play that an average fielder should make, resulting in the batter or a runner reaching base or advancing when they otherwise would not have. Essentially, it's a defensive misplay that extends the offensive team's opportunity to score. 

Total Chances (TC): is a defensive statistic that represents the total number of opportunities a fielder has to make a play, calculated by adding their putouts, assists, and errors.

Run Average (RA): It's a statistic that measures how many runs a pitcher allows, on average, in a standard nine-inning game. Unlike ERA (Earned Run Average), RA includes both earned and unearned runs, meaning it accounts for all runs scored against a pitcher, regardless of whether they were due to errors or other defensive miscues.